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Concepts of Phonetics and Phonology - Places of articulation.

  Phonetics is the study of the physical sounds of human speech. It analyzes how speech sounds are produced (articulatory phonetics), transmitted (acoustic phonetics), and received (auditory phonetics). Phonology is the study of the sound systems and patterns in a particular language. It focuses on how sounds function in language and how they are mentally represented.  The place of articulation refers to the point in the vocal tract where the airflow is obstructed to produce a sound. Bilabial : both lips touch (e.g., /p/, /b/, /m/) Labiodental : bottom lip touches upper teeth (e.g., /f/, /v/) Dental : tongue touches teeth (e.g., /θ/, /ð/) Alveolar : tongue touches alveolar ridge (e.g., /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/) Palatal : tongue close to hard palate (e.g., /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/) Velar : tongue touches soft palate (e.g., /k/, /g/, /ŋ/) Glottal : produced at the vocal cords (e.g., /h/)
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Articulators involved in sound production. - Concepts of Voiced and Unvoiced sounds.

 Articulators are the organs involved in producing sounds: Active articulators : tongue, lower lip Passive articulators : upper teeth, alveolar ridge, hard and soft palate, uvula Other involved organs : vocal cords, lungs, glottis These articulators work together to shape the airflow and create distinct sounds in language. Voiced sounds  are produced when the vocal cords vibrate. Examples: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/ Voiceless sounds  are produced without vocal cord vibration. Examples: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/ To feel the difference, touch your throat while pronouncing /z/ (voiced) and /s/ (voiceless). You'll feel a vibration only with the voiced sound.
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The articulation of the sounds. - Define what is a content word and give two examples.

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  Content words  are words that carry meaning. They include  nouns, main verbs, adjectives, and adverbs . Examples: "teacher" "beautiful"
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Define what is a function word and give two examples. - Define falling intonation and write two sentences as examples.

  Function words are grammatical words used to express relationships between content words. They include articles, conjunctions, prepositions, and auxiliary verbs . Examples: "and" "the" Content words are usually stressed in sentences, while function words are not.   Falling Intonation Used in WH-questions, statements, and commands. The pitch of the voice goes down at the end of the sentence. Examples: “What is your name?” “I live in Bogotá.”
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Define raising intonation and write two sentences as examples. -Attach the videos developed

  Rising Intonation Used in yes/no questions and when expressing surprise or uncertainty. The pitch of the voice goes up at the end. Examples: “Do you like football?” “Are you coming?” Attach the videos developed during Task 1, Task 3 and Task 4.  Task 1 https://youtu.be/rEekkRs-5ao Task 3 https://youtu.be/7dgDEuqnU1w Task 4 https://youtu.be/uL0c2h_pP2Q
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📚 References

Iyabode, O. D. (2011). Introductory Phonetics and Phonology of English . Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
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